Saƙa yadudduka an fi yi da zaruruwa na abin da abun da ke ciki

Babban abubuwan da aka saka a cikin yadudduka sun haɗa da: auduga, viscose, polyester, acrylic, nylon, hemp, ulu, siliki, spandex da sauransu.

Mene ne ma'anoni da halaye na nau'ikan albarkatun kasa daban-daban?

1. Fiber auduga

Fiber na auduga wani nau'in zaren iri ne da ake yin shi ta hanyar elongated da kuma kauri daga cikin sel na epidermal na kwai da aka haifa, wanda ya sha bamban da fiber bast gama gari. Babban bangarensa shine cellulose. Cellulose shine polymer na halitta. Abubuwan da ke cikin cellulose na auduga balagagge na al'ada shine kusan 94%. Bugu da ƙari, ya ƙunshi ƙaramin adadin polypetalous, kakin zuma, furotin, mai, abubuwa masu narkewa da ruwa, ash da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta masu alaƙa. Auduga fiber yana da high ƙarfi, mai kyau iska permeability, matalauta wrinkle juriya da matalauta tensile dukiya. Kyakkyawan juriya na zafi, na biyu kawai zuwa hemp; Rashin ƙarfi acid juriya, dilutes alkali juriya a dakin zafin jiki; Yana da alaƙa mai kyau don rini, rini mai sauƙi, cikakken chromatography da launi mai haske. Saboda fiber na auduga yana da kyawawan kaddarorin da yawa, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman kayan da ake amfani da su don masana'antar yadi.

2. Viscose

Viscose, wanda kuma aka sani da audugar ɗan adam, nau'in fiber ne da mutum ya yi. Viscose fiber shine babban nau'in fiber da mutum ya kera kuma mafi girma na biyu mafi girma na fiber sinadarai a China. Babban albarkatun fiber na viscose shine ɓangaren litattafan almara na sinadarai, gami da ɓangaren litattafan almara da ɓangaren litattafan almara na itace. An raba cellulose mai tsabta kuma an sake haifuwa ta hanyar halayen sinadaran. Viscose fiber yana da kyawawan kayan hygroscopic, a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi na yau da kullun. Adadin dawo da danshi shine kusan 13%. Bayan haɓakar hygroscopic, ana iya haɓaka diamita ta 50%, don haka masana'anta na viscose suna jin wahala bayan ruwa, ƙimar raguwa yana da girma. Abubuwan sinadaran na fiber viscose yana kama da auduga, don haka ya fi juriya na alkali fiye da juriya na acid, amma juriya na alkali da juriya na acid sun fi auduga muni. Kayan rini na fiber viscose yana kama da na auduga. Fiber na Viscose yana da kyawawan kaddarorin hygroscopic, mai sauƙin tabo, ba sauƙin samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi ba, kuma yana da kyakkyawan juzu'i, wanda ake amfani da shi sosai a cikin yadi daban-daban, sutura da sauran fannoni.

Kayan da aka yi da fiber na viscose yana da taushi, santsi, numfashi da jin daɗin sawa. Yana da launi mai haske da saurin launi mai kyau bayan rini. Ya dace da kera kayan ciki, na waje da kayan ado iri-iri.

3. Fiber Acrylic

Fiber acrylic fiber ne na roba wanda aka yi da polyacrylonitrile ko acrylonitrile copolymer mai dauke da fiye da 85% acrylonitrile. Acrylic fiber elasticity yana da kyau. Tsawaita kashi 20% na ƙimar dawowa har yanzu na iya kula da 65%, mai laushi da taushi. Fiber acrylic yana da kyakkyawan tsayin daka, kuma ƙarfinsa yana raguwa kawai da 20% lokacin da aka fallasa shi zuwa sararin samaniya na shekara guda. Ayyukan acrylic fiber yayi kama da ulu. Tsayar da zafi yana da 15% mafi girma fiye da ulu, wanda aka sani da ulu na wucin gadi. Yana da abũbuwan amfãni daga taushi, kumburi, sauƙi rini, launi mai haske, haske juriya, antibacterial, ba tsoron kwari da sauransu. Dangane da buƙatun amfani daban-daban, yana iya zama mai tsaftataccen spun ko haɗa shi da filaye na halitta. An fi amfani da kayan sawa a tufafi, ado, masana'antu da sauran fannoni.

4. Polyester

Fiber polyester wani fiber na roba ne wanda aka samar ta hanyar jujjuya polyester wanda shine polycondensation na Organic dibasic acid da barasa na dibasic. An ƙirƙira shi a cikin 1941, shine babban nau'in fiber na roba na farko. Polyester fiber ne babban amfani da juriya na wrinkle da kaddarorin daidaitawa yana da amfani sosai, tare da ƙarfin ƙarfi da ƙarfin dawo da na roba. Yana da ƙarfi kuma mai ɗorewa, mai jurewa gyaɗa, ba shi da guga, ba mai santsi ba. Fiber polyester yana da ƙarfi mafi girma, babban modulus da ƙarancin sha ruwa. Yana yadu amfani a matsayin farar hula masana'anta da masana'antu masana'antu. A matsayin kayan yadi, polyester staple fiber za a iya jujjuyawa zalla kuma ya dace musamman don haɗawa da sauran zaruruwa. Ana iya haɗa shi da filaye na halitta irin su auduga, hemp da ulu, haka kuma tare da ƙarin sinadarai masu mahimmanci irin su viscose, acetate da polyacrylonitrile. Yadudduka-kamar auduga, ulu-kamar ulu da yadudduka masu laushi waɗanda aka yi da suttura mai tsafta ko haɗawa gabaɗaya suna da kyawawan halaye na asali na fiber polyester, kamar juriya da juriya, kwanciyar hankali mai girma, juriya da juriya da lalacewa na masana'anta, yayin da ainihin kasawar fiber polyester, irin su wutar lantarki mai tsayi da matsalolin rini a cikin sarrafa kayan masarufi, ƙarancin gumi da ƙarancin iska, da narkewa cikin sauƙi a cikin ramuka a cikin yanayin Mars, da sauransu. Ana iya ragewa da haɓakawa tare da cakuda hydrophilic. fiber zuwa wani matsayi. Polyester murɗaɗɗen filament ana amfani da shi musamman don saƙa iri-iri na yadudduka masu kama da siliki. Hakanan ana iya haɗa shi da zaren halitta ko zaren sinadarai, ko da siliki ko wasu zaruruwan sinadarai. Wannan interweave yana kula da jerin fa'idodin polyester.

Polyester textured yarn (yafi low na roba DTY) ya bambanta da talakawa polyester filament yarn a high fluffiness, babban crimp, karfi hairiness, taushi da kuma high na roba elongation (har zuwa 400%). Gilashin da aka saka yana da halaye na abin dogara mai ɗorewa, murfin mai kyau da labule, mai laushi mai laushi da sauransu. Ya dace da yadudduka na kwat da wando kamar ulu mai kama da ulu, riguna na waje, riguna da yadudduka na ado iri-iri kamar labule, kayan tebur, kayan gado na gado da sauransu.

5. Nailan

Naylon, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Polyamide, fitaccen masanin kimiyar Amurka Carothers ne ya samar da shi da ƙungiyar binciken kimiyya a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa. Shi ne karo na farko da fiber roba a duniya. Nailan kalma ce don polyamide fiber (nailan). Bayyanar nailan yana sa kayan ya zama sabo. Haɗin sa babban ci gaba ne a cikin masana'antar fiber na roba, amma kuma muhimmin ci gaba ne a cikin sinadarai na polymer. Babban fa'idar nailan shine juriyar lalacewa ya fi duk sauran zaruruwa, juriyar lalacewa ya fi auduga sau 10, sau 20 sama da ulu, ƙara ɗan ƙara fiber nailan a cikin masana'anta da aka haɗa, yana iya haɓaka juriyar lalacewa sosai. , lokacin da aka shimfiɗa zuwa 3-6%, ƙimar dawowa na roba zai iya kaiwa 100%; Zai iya jure dubunnan lankwasawa ba tare da karye ba. Ƙarfin fiber nailan ya fi na auduga sau 1-2, fiye da na ulu sau 4-5, kuma sau 3 na fiber viscose. Duk da haka, fiber polyamide yana da zafi mara kyau da juriya na haske da kuma riƙewa mara kyau, yana sa tufafi ba su da kullun kamar polyester. Za a iya haɗa fiber nailan ko za a iya jujjuya shi cikin saƙa iri-iri. Ana amfani da filament na Nailan a masana'antar saƙa da siliki, kamar safa na nailan, gauze nailan, gidan sauro, yadin da aka saka, nailan shimfiɗa nailan na waje, nailan siliki ko samfuran siliki da aka haɗa. Ana amfani da fiber na Nylon mafi yawa don haɗawa da ulu ko wasu samfuran ulun fiber na sinadarai don yin iri iri-iri - yadudduka masu jurewa.

6. Fiber Flax

Fiber flax fiber ne da ake samu daga tsire-tsire masu yawa. Flax fiber shine fiber cellulose wanda masana'anta ke da kama da auduga. Fiber Flax (ciki har da ramie da flax) ana iya jujjuya su da tsafta ko a haɗe su cikin yadudduka. Lilin yana da halaye na ƙarfin ƙarfi, tasiri mai tasiri mai tasiri da ƙarfin zafin jiki mai ƙarfi, musamman ƙarfin fiber na farko na halitta. flax fiber yana da fa'idodin cewa sauran zaruruwa ba su da kwatankwacinsu: yana da aikin haɓakar danshi mai kyau da samun iska, saurin zafi da tafiyarwa, sanyi da kintsattse, gumi ba ya kusa, rubutu mai haske, ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, rigakafin kwari da mildew, ƙarancin wutar lantarki. , masana'anta ba sauki don gurɓata ba, launi mai laushi da karimci, m, dace da fitarwa da ɓoyewar fata na mutum. Duk da haka, an iyakance ci gaban fiber na flax saboda ƙarancin ƙarancinsa, juriya, juriya da ƙazanta. Duk da haka, tare da haɓakar fasaha daban-daban kafin magani da kuma bayan sarrafawa, wasu lahani na halitta sun inganta sosai. Bincike ya nuna cewa a cikin filaye masu yawa na yadi, fiber flax fiber ne na halitta tare da mafi girman aiki. Fiber flax ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan filayen yadi a China kuma yana da babban suna a duniya.

7. Wulo

Ana yin ulu ne da furotin. Amfani da ulu na ɗan adam ana iya komawa baya zuwa zamanin Neolithic, daga tsakiyar Asiya zuwa Bahar Rum da sauran sassan duniya ya bazu, don haka ya zama babban kayan yadi a Asiya da Turai. Zaɓuɓɓukan ulu suna da laushi kuma suna da ƙarfi, kuma ana iya amfani da su don yin yadudduka kamar su ulu, ulu, bargo, ji da sutura. Kayayyakin ulu suna da wadatar taɓawa, adana zafi mai kyau, jin daɗin sawa da sauransu. Wool wani abu ne mai mahimmanci a cikin masana'antar yadi. Yana da abũbuwan amfãni daga mai kyau elasticity, m danshi sha da kyau zafi kiyayewa. Amma saboda babban farashin, yana da auduga, viscose, polyester da sauran fiber gauraye amfani. Tufafin ulu sun shahara saboda salon annashuwa na ƙayatarwa da jin daɗi, musamman cashmere yana da sunan “zinari mai laushi”.

8. Silk

Silk, wanda kuma aka sani da danyen siliki, wani nau'i ne na fiber na halitta. Mutum ya yi amfani da ɗaya daga cikin manyan zaruruwan dabba. Siliki wani bangare ne na kayayyakin zamanin da kasar Sin ta samu. Silk shine mafi sauƙi, mafi laushi kuma mafi kyawun fiber kwayoyin halitta a yanayi. Ana iya mayar da shi cikin sauƙi zuwa yanayinsa na asali bayan an cire shi daga wani ƙarfi na waje. Silk masana'anta yana da kyakkyawan yanayin iska da ƙarancin danshi. Siliki ya ƙunshi furotin na dabba kuma yana da wadata a cikin nau'ikan amino acid iri 18 masu mahimmanci ga jikin ɗan adam, waɗanda ke haɓaka ƙarfin ƙwayoyin fata da hana taurin jini. Dogon sanya kayan siliki na dogon lokaci na iya hana tsufan fata kuma yana da tasiri na musamman na rigakafin ƙaiƙayi akan wasu cututtukan fata. Yakin siliki yana da sunan "fatar jikin mutum ta biyu" da "sarauniyar fiber".

9. Spandex

Spandex wani nau'i ne na fiber na roba, sunan tsarin fiber polyurethane. Spandex ya sami nasarar haɓaka ta Bayer a Jamus a cikin 1937, kuma DuPont na Amurka ya fara samar da masana'antu a cikin 1959. Spandex yana da kyakkyawan elasticity. Ƙarfin yana da girma sau 2 ~ 3 fiye da na siliki na latex, girman layin ya fi kyau, kuma ya fi tsayayya ga lalata sinadarai. Spandex yana da kyakkyawan juriya na acid da alkaline, juriya na gumi, juriya na ruwan teku, juriya bushe bushe da juriya.

Spandex fiber ne na roba wanda ke da tsattsauran ra'ayi na ban mamaki (fiye da 400%), ƙananan modulus da ƙimar farfadowa na roba. Saboda spandex yana da babban matakin haɓakawa, ana iya amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar tufafi masu tsayi. Kamar su: ƙwararrun kayan wasanni, kwat da wando, rigar ruwa, rigar ninkaya, rigar wasan ninkaya, rigar kwando, rigar rigar mama, masu dakatarwa, wando na ski, jeans, slacks, safa, masu dumin ƙafafu, diapers, tights, rigunan ƙanƙara, sutura, suturar kusa. lacing, tufafin kariya don tiyata, tufafin kariya ga sojojin dabaru, keken keke mai gajeren hannu, rigar kokawa, kwat da wando, rigar rigar, kayan aiki, Tufafin inganci, da sauransu.