Saƙa yadudduka an fi yi da zaruruwa na abin da abun da ke ciki

 

Babban abubuwan da aka saƙa yadudduka sun haɗa da: auduga, viscose, polyester, acrylic, nailan, hemp, ulu, siliki, spandex da sauransu.

Menene ma'anoni da halaye na nau'ikan albarkatun kasa?

1. Fiber auduga

Fiber auduga wani nau'i ne na zaren iri da aka yi ta hanyar elongating da kauri da sel epidermal na kwai da aka haifa, wanda ya sha bamban da fiber bast gama gari. Babban bangarensa shine cellulose. Cellulose shine polymer na halitta. Abubuwan da ke cikin cellulose na auduga balagagge na al'ada shine kusan 94%. Bugu da ƙari, ya ƙunshi ƙaramin adadin polypetalous, kakin zuma, furotin, mai, abubuwa masu narkewa da ruwa, ash da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta masu alaƙa. Cotton Fiber yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, kyakkyawan iska mai ƙarfi, juriya mara kyau da ƙarancin ƙarfi. Kyakkyawan juriya na zafi, na biyu kawai zuwa hemp; Rashin ƙarfi acid juriya, dilutes alkali juriya a dakin zafin jiki; Yana da alaƙa mai kyau don rini, rini mai sauƙi, cikakken chromatography da launi mai haske. Saboda fiber na auduga yana da kyawawan kaddarorin da yawa, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman albarkatun ƙasa don masana'antar yadi.

2. Viscose

Viscose, wanda kuma aka sani da auduga ɗan adam, nau'in fiber ne na mutum. Viscose fiber shine babban nau'in fiber da mutum ya yi kuma shine nau'in fiber na biyu mafi girma a cikin Sin. Babban albarkatun fiber na viscose shine ɓangaren litattafan almara na sinadarai, gami da ɓangaren litattafan almara da ɓangaren litattafan almara na itace. An raba cellulose mai tsabta kuma an sake haifuwa ta hanyar halayen sinadaran. Viscose fiber yana da kyawawan kayan hygroscopic, a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi na yau da kullun. Adadin dawo da danshi shine kusan 13%. Bayan haɓakar hygroscopic, ana iya haɓaka diamita ta 50%, don haka masana'anta na viscose suna jin wahala bayan ruwa, ƙimar raguwa yana da girma. Abubuwan sinadaran na fiber viscose yana kama da auduga, don haka ya fi juriya na alkali fiye da juriyar acid, amma juriya na alkali da juriya na acid sun fi auduga muni. Kayan rini na fiber viscose yana kama da na auduga. Fiber Viscose yana da kyawawan kayan hygroscopic, mai sauƙin tabo, ba sauƙin samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi ba, kuma yana da kyakkyawan juzu'i, wanda ake amfani da shi sosai a cikin yadi daban-daban, sutura da sauran filayen.

Kayan da aka yi da fiber na viscose yana da taushi, santsi, numfashi da jin dadi don sawa. Yana da launi mai haske da saurin launi mai kyau bayan rini. Ya dace da yin tufafi, tufafin waje da kayan ado iri-iri.

3. Fiber acrylic

Fiber acrylic fiber ne na roba wanda aka yi da polyacrylonitrile ko acrylonitrile copolymer mai dauke da fiye da 85% acrylonitrile. Acrylic fiber elasticity yana da kyau. Tsawaita kashi 20% na ƙimar dawowa har yanzu na iya kula da 65%, mai laushi da taushi. Fiber acrylic yana da kyakkyawan tsayin daka, kuma ƙarfinsa yana raguwa kawai da 20% lokacin da aka fallasa shi zuwa sararin samaniya na shekara guda. Ayyukan na acrylic fiber yana kama da ulu sosai. Tsayar da zafi yana da 15% mafi girma fiye da ulu, wanda aka sani da ulu na wucin gadi. Yana da abũbuwan amfãni daga taushi, kumburi, sauƙi rini, launi mai haske, haske juriya, antibacterial, ba tsoron kwari da sauransu. Dangane da buƙatun amfani daban-daban, yana iya zama mai tsaftataccen spun ko haɗa shi da filaye na halitta. An fi amfani da kayan sawa a tufafi, ado, masana'antu da sauran fannoni.

4. Polyester

Polyester fiber fiber ne na roba da aka samar ta hanyar kaɗa polyester wanda shine polycondensation na Organic dibasic acid da barasa na dibasic. An ƙirƙira shi a cikin 1941, shine babban nau'in fiber na roba na farko. polyester fiber shine mafi girman fa'idar juriya na wrinkle kuma kaddarorin daidaitawa yana da amfani sosai, tare da ƙarfin ƙarfi da ƙarfin dawo da na roba. Yana da ƙarfi kuma mai ɗorewa, mai jurewa gyaɗa, ba shi da guga, ba mai santsi ba. Fiber polyester yana da ƙarfi mafi girma, babban modulus da ƙarancin sha ruwa. Yana yadu amfani a matsayin farar hula masana'anta da masana'antu masana'antu. A matsayin kayan yadi, polyester staple fiber za a iya jujjuyawa zalla kuma ya dace musamman don haɗawa da sauran zaruruwa. Ana iya haɗa shi da filaye na halitta irin su auduga, hemp da ulu, da kuma ƙarin sinadarai masu mahimmanci irin su viscose, acetate da polyacrylonitrile. Yadudduka-kamar auduga, ulu-kamar ulu da yadudduka masu laushi waɗanda aka yi da suttura mai tsafta ko haɗawa gabaɗaya suna da kyawawan halaye na asali na fiber polyester, kamar juriya da ɗimbin yawa, kwanciyar hankali mai girma, juriya da juriya da lalacewa na masana'anta, yayin da ainihin kasawar fiber polyester, irin su wutar lantarki mai tsayi da matsalolin rini a cikin sarrafa kayan masarufi, ƙarancin shaƙar gumi da ƙarancin iska, da narkewa cikin sauƙi a cikin ramuka a cikin yanayin Mars, da sauransu. Ana iya ragewa da haɓakawa tare da cakuda hydrophilic. fiber zuwa wani matsayi. Polyester murɗaɗɗen filament ana amfani da shi musamman don saƙa iri-iri na yadudduka masu kama da siliki. Hakanan ana iya haɗa shi da zaren halitta ko zaren sinadarai, ko da siliki ko wasu zaruruwan sinadarai. Wannan interweave yana kula da jerin fa'idodin polyester.

Polyester textured yarn (yafi low na roba DTY) ya bambanta da talakawa polyester filament yarn a high fluffiness, babban crimp, karfi hairiness, taushi da kuma high na roba elongation (har zuwa 400%). Gilashin da aka saka yana da halaye na abin dogara mai ɗorewa, murfin mai kyau da labule, mai laushi mai laushi da sauransu. Ya dace da yadudduka na kwat da wando kamar ulu mai kama da ulu, riguna na waje, riguna da yadudduka na ado iri-iri kamar labule, kayan tebur, kayan gado na gado da sauransu.

5. Nailan

Nylon, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Polyamide, fitaccen masanin kimiyar Amurka Carothers da ƙungiyar binciken kimiyya a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa ne suka haɓaka. Shi ne karo na farko da fiber roba a duniya. Nailan kalma ce don polyamide fiber (nailan). Bayyanar nailan yana sa kayan ya zama sabo. Haɗin sa babban ci gaba ne a cikin masana'antar fiber na roba, amma kuma muhimmin ci gaba ne a cikin sinadarai na polymer. Babban fa'idar nailan shine juriyar lalacewa ya fi duk sauran zaruruwa, juriyar lalacewa ta ninka auduga sau 10, sau 20 sama da ulu, ƙara ɗan ƙara fiber nailan a cikin masana'anta da aka haɗa, yana iya haɓaka juriyar lalacewa sosai. , lokacin da aka shimfiɗa zuwa 3-6%, ƙimar dawowa na roba zai iya kaiwa 100%; Zai iya jure dubunnan lankwasawa ba tare da karye ba. Ƙarfin fiber nailan ya fi na auduga sau 1-2, fiye da na ulu sau 4-5, kuma sau 3 na fiber viscose. Duk da haka, fiber polyamide yana da zafi mara kyau da juriya na haske da kuma riƙewa mara kyau, yana sa tufafi ba su da kullun kamar polyester. Za a iya haɗa fiber nailan ko za a iya jujjuya shi cikin saƙa iri-iri. Ana amfani da filament na Nylon a masana'antar saƙa da siliki, kamar safa na nailan, gauze naila, gidan sauro, yadin da aka saka, nailan shimfiɗa nailan outerwear, nailan siliki ko samfuran siliki da aka haɗa. Ana amfani da fiber mai mahimmanci na Nylon don haɗawa da ulu ko wasu samfuran ulun fiber na sinadarai don yin iri iri-iri - yadudduka masu jurewa.

6. Fiber flax

Flax fiber fiber ne da aka samo daga tsire-tsire masu yawa. Flax fiber shine fiber cellulose wanda masana'anta ke da kama da auduga. Fiber Flax (ciki har da ramie da flax) ana iya jujjuya su da tsafta ko a haɗe su cikin yadudduka. Lilin yana da halaye na ƙarfin ƙarfi, tasiri mai tasiri mai tasiri da ƙarfin zafin jiki mai ƙarfi, musamman ƙarfin fiber na farko na halitta. flax fiber yana da fa'idodin cewa sauran zaruruwa ba su da kwatankwacinsu: yana da aikin haɓakar danshi mai kyau da samun iska, saurin zafi da tafiyarwa, sanyi da kintsattse, gumi ba ya kusa, rubutu mai haske, ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, rigakafin kwari da mildew, ƙarancin wutar lantarki. , masana'anta ba sauki don gurɓata ba, launi mai laushi da karimci, m, dace da fitarwa da ɓoyewar fata na mutum. Duk da haka, an iyakance ci gaban fiber na flax saboda ƙarancin ƙarancinsa, juriya, juriya da ƙazanta. Duk da haka, tare da haɓakar fasaha daban-daban kafin magani da kuma bayan sarrafawa, wasu lahani na halitta sun inganta sosai. Bincike ya nuna cewa a cikin filaye masu yawa na yadi, fiber flax fiber ne na halitta tare da mafi girman aiki. Fiber flax ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan zaruruwan yadi a kasar Sin kuma yana da babban suna a duniya.

7. ulu

An fi yin ulu da furotin. Amfani da ulu na ɗan adam ana iya komawa baya zuwa zamanin Neolithic, daga tsakiyar Asiya zuwa Bahar Rum da sauran sassan duniya ya bazu, don haka ya zama babban kayan yadi a Asiya da Turai. Zaɓuɓɓukan ulu suna da laushi kuma suna da ƙarfi, kuma ana iya amfani da su don yin yadudduka kamar su ulu, ulu, bargo, ji da sutura. Kayayyakin ulu suna da wadatar taɓawa, adana zafi mai kyau, jin daɗin sawa da sauransu. Wool wani abu ne mai mahimmanci a cikin masana'antar yadi. Yana da abũbuwan amfãni daga mai kyau elasticity, m danshi sha da kyau zafi kiyayewa. Amma saboda tsadar, auduga ne, viscose, polyester da sauran abubuwan haɗin fiber. Tufafin ulu sun shahara saboda yanayin annashuwa na ladabi da ta'aziyya, kuma cashmere musamman yana da sunan "zinari mai laushi".

8. Siliki

Silk, wanda kuma aka sani da danyen siliki, wani nau'i ne na fiber na halitta. Mutum ya yi amfani da ɗaya daga cikin manyan zaruruwan dabba. Siliki wani bangare ne na kayayyakin zamanin da kasar Sin ta samu. Silk shine mafi sauƙi, mafi laushi kuma mafi kyawun fiber kwayoyin halitta a yanayi. Ana iya mayar da shi cikin sauƙi zuwa yanayinsa na asali bayan an cire shi daga wani ƙarfi na waje. Silk masana'anta yana da kyakkyawan yanayin iska da ƙarancin danshi. Siliki ya ƙunshi furotin na dabba kuma yana da wadata a cikin nau'ikan amino acid iri 18 masu mahimmanci ga jikin ɗan adam, waɗanda ke haɓaka ƙarfin ƙwayoyin fata da hana taurin jini. Dogon sanya kayan siliki na dogon lokaci na iya hana tsufan fata kuma yana da tasiri na musamman na rigakafin ƙaiƙayi akan wasu cututtukan fata. Yakin siliki yana da sunan "fata na biyu na jikin mutum" da "sarauniyar fiber".

9. Spandex

Spandex wani nau'i ne na fiber na roba, sunan tsarin fiber polyurethane. Spandex ya sami nasarar haɓaka ta Bayer a Jamus a cikin 1937, kuma DuPont na Amurka ya fara samar da masana'antu a cikin 1959. Spandex yana da kyakkyawan elasticity. Ƙarfin yana da girma sau 2 ~ 3 fiye da na siliki na latex, ƙarancin layin ya fi kyau, kuma ya fi tsayayya ga lalata sinadarai. Spandex yana da kyau acid da alkaline juriya, juriya na gumi, juriya na ruwa, juriya bushe bushe da juriya juriya.

Spandex fiber ne na roba wanda ke da tsattsauran ra'ayi na ban mamaki (fiye da 400%), ƙaramin modulus da ƙimar farfadowa na roba. Saboda spandex yana da babban matakin haɓakawa, ana iya amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar riguna masu tsayi. Kamar su: ƙwararrun kayan wasanni, kwat ɗin motsa jiki, kwat ɗin ruwa, rigar ninkaya, rigar wasan ninkaya, rigar ƙwallon kwando, rigar rigar mama, masu ratayewa, wando na ski, jeans, slacks, safa, masu dumin ƙafafu, diapers, tights, rigunan ƙanƙara, sutura, suturar kusa. lacing, rigar kariya don tiyata, suturar kariya ga sojojin dabaru, keken keke mai gajeren hannu, rigar kokawa, kwat da wando, rigar rigar, kayan aiki, Tufafin inganci, da sauransu.